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Q 10. What is the development tendency of cabling system in the computer room?
A When integrated wiring in the computer room, you should find that there are many computer equipment (such as UPS equipment, etc.) and environmental protection equipment (such as special air conditioners for computer room) in the system. It is precisely because of these equipment that the computer room has become a large energy consumer.
With the vigorous development of modern large-scale data centers and the continuous increase of energy consumption in the computer rooms of data center, in addition to continuing to improve the reliability of the equipment in data center, the establishment of a green, environmentally friendly, and energy-saving computer rooms in data center s is also an important task for the integrated wiring of the computer room.
In the "Guiding Opinions on the Construction Layout of Data Center", it is clearly pointed out that the key to promote green data centers and green power supplies, the power usage effectiveness (PUE) value of large newly-built cloud-computing data centers should be less than 1.5 and that the PUE value of built data centers shall reduce below 2.0 after transformation and upgrading.
With the advent of the green data center and the active call of the national government, more and more users will consider adopting new energy-saving technologies and energy-saving equipment to reduce the energy consumption of computer rooms when integrated wiring in computer rooms, for example, high-efficiency UPS power supply system, low-energy-consumption air-conditioning for computer rooms and intelligent lighting systems for computer rooms, etc.. And various energy-saving technologies and equipment are being developed as well.
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Q What are the differences between copper cables and optical fibers?
A Copper cable and optical fiber are two common transmission media in data centers, both of which have anti-interference and excellent confidentiality. The differences between the two are mainly reflected in the following four aspects:
1. Transmission distance: the transmission distance for copper cables generally does not exceed 100M, and the transmission distance for optical fibers can reach 100KM. Optical fiber is more suitable for long-distance transmission.
2. The transmission rate: compared to CAT8 copper lan cable, optical fiber is more advantageous (in terms of transmission rate).
3. Maintenance and management：With simple operation, copper cable has a greater advantage than optical fiber.
4. Price cost: Under the same circumstances, copper cables are one-fifth price or one-sixth price of optical cables, which is more advantageous.
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Q What is a network module?
A Network modules can also be called information modules, CAT6 modules, and lan cable modules. They are mainly used to connect devices. Using modules, various low-voltage electrical sockets or connectors can be installed in various panels and wiring boards. It is very simple and convenient to complete the connection with network cables at the other end of the network. Just directly insert a straight-through twisted pair into the network information module (to complete the connection with lan cables at the other end of the network) when in use. At present, the network information module is generally used in the inner wall, which can protect modules from damage and beautify the entire network wiring environment. Because of its stability and durability, it is now used in most network wiring, reducing high costs of bypassed wiring for enterprises. The commonly used network information modules at this stage mainly include 6P6C network information modules, 8P8C network information modules, RCA network information modules, and so on.
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Q What is CAT 6 lan cable and CAT6A lan cable?
A CAT 6 lan cable usually refers to Category 6 unshielded network cable, i.e. the sixth-generation standard Ethernet network cable. It complies with the Category 6 standards of ISO/IEC 11801: 2002 and EIA/TIA 568B. Its bandwidth is twice that of CAT5A network cable; and the transmission performance of CAT6 lan cable is much bigger than CAT5A lan cable. It is most suitable for network transmission applications of gigabit rate.
CAT6A lan cable is an upgraded version of CAT6 network cable, so it is also called the "enhanced CAT6 network cable". It also conforms to the standards of ISO/IEC 11801:2002 and EIA/TIA 568-B.2-1. The performance of CAT6A lan cables in aspects such as alien crosstalk is better than that of CAT 6 lan cables. Compared with CAT6 cables, CAT6A cables have a larger outer diameter, a heavier weight, and a larger minimum bending radius. The maximum transmission distance of CAT6A cables is 100m. CAT 6 lan cables can be compatible with CAT 6 and CAT 5 lan cables at the same time. In the process of using, CAT6A lan cable must be grounded to prevent electrostatic interference from electrons generated by long-distance transmission, which will cause packet errors. For ordinary anti-static interference, only a single point of grounding is required. If there is strong current interference outside the network cable or in consideration of safety requirements such as electric shock protection and lightning protection, it must be grounded at multiple points. In addition, during the cabling process of CAT6A lan cables, all the hardware that need to be connected should be shielded products, thus, these products can reflect their excellent shielding performance. And these shielded products include transmission cables, patch panels and modules.
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Q What is Centralized Power over Ethernet (PoE)?
A Power over Ethernet lighting-also known as PoE LED lighting-uses direct current (DC) delivered to the luminaire. Not requiring traditional AC wiring, this method uses low-voltage classified cables.
The PoE switch is located in the telecommunications room，supplying power to the LED lighting fixtures. This can bring high efficiency and convenience of centralized management. And individual lamps can be monitored, managed and controlled remotely then.
However, switches used in a centralized PoE environment sometimes limit the available power sent to LED lamps. Depending on the specific type of network switch you deploy and the power level you need (for example, 60 watts per switch port), the switch may only allow you to use 50% to 60% switch ports in order to deliver 60 watts of power. When delivering 60 watts of power per port on a 48-port switch, only 33 of the 48 ports can supply 60 watts of power.
Powering LEDs through PoE does not require any electricians to install or engage in moving, adding, and changing operations, so that project costs can be reduced-- not to mention the energy costs saved after the deployment of LEDs. Without the presence of a qualified electrical contractor, the illumination can be reconfigured according to requirements, and there is no need to find out whether there is an AC power source nearby that can be plugged in during the illumination design process.
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Q What are the polarities of MPO?
A In the past 10 years, there are three MPO polarities recognized by the International Standards Organization:
Type-A: Direct connection (1-1; 2-2...... 12-12)
Type-B: Reverse (1-12; 2-11......12-1)
Type-C: Cross (1-2; 2-1...11-12; 12-11)
TIA 568, the TIA(Telecommunication Industry Association) released the latest draft about polarity type at its February 2021 meeting.
Type-U: odd number and even number (the order of one end is 1,3,5,7,9,11,12,10,8,6,4,2; the other end is reversed)
Note: The above MPO only refers to 12 cores.
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Q Research on the influence of the increase of PoE temperature on the service life of the outer sheath of copper cable
A Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology is increasingly applied to smart manufacturing, smart buildings, smart homes and other fields. With PoE tchnology, cables can transmit up to 90 W of power while transmitting data. The problem of temperature rise (PoE technology makes the temperature of copper conductors rise) has also been mentioned more and more. In addition to the temperature rise of the copper conductor, the service life of the outer sheath of the copper cable after the temperature rise is also a cutting-edge research topic.
The research on the modeled service time of the outer sheath of the copper cable under different PoE temperature ratings is shared by the material manufacturer, Dow (Dow Chemical), at the 2019 academic conference of IWCS（The International Cable Connectivity Symposium).
The research data for the bundled 22 AWG copper cable (the bundled model is omitted here) is as follows:
when the aging temperature (Aging Temp) is 25oC, the predicted service time is 53,587.4 years;
when the aging temperature (Aging Temp) is 60 oC, the predicted service time is 341.9 years;
when the aging temperature (Aging Temp) is 75 oC, the predicted service time is 53.5 years;
when the aging temperature (Aging Temp) is 90oC, the predicted service time is 9.8 years;
Note:
IWCS: The International Cable Connectivity Symposium
Zhaolong Interconnect, as a professional cable and connector designer and manufacturer, has participated in IWCS and published many professional papers.
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Q The more densely the twisted pair is twisted, the better performance it will get?
A The twisted pair design of twisted-pair cable is to offset part interference by means of physical balance. So the more "balanced" the pair is twisted, the better performance the copper cable will get. But, of course, there are many other factors at play in the final performance.
The lay length of copper cable varies with different grades, such as Cat.5e, Cat.6 and Cat.6A; under different structures such as shielded and unshielded structure, the lay lengths are different, too; the lay lengths of various wiring brands are also different (mainly due to the differences in their respective R&D and production).
The detection of copper cable performance mainly relies on test instruments such as Fluke, choosing Chinese national standards or international ISO standards as the testing standard. Twisting is not the more densely, the better. "Balanced" is the key factor (when judging the performance of lan cables).
Zhaolong Interconnect is a professional cable and connector designer and manufacturer. Our laboratory has obtained China CNAS certification. And our product is of unique design and with excellent performance exceeding standard requirements.
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Q Discussion on the relationship between wiring products and green energy saving
A The concept of lights-out data centers has been popular for many years. Traditional data centers "waste" considerable space and energy because they have to provide operating personnel with working environments and conditions.
The concept of the lights-out data center is that if there is no need for staff to operate and maintain, the IT equipment such as racks and servers in the data center will be more compactly deployed, the equipment can run at higher temperatures while significantly reducing cooling costs. And the extraction of oxygen from the air can prevent fires and reduce corrosion.
For the wiring of IT equipment, the International Organization for Standardization（ISO） has recently set up a new topic for discussion. The topic is whether the copper cable system and components can be operated at an ambient temperature of 60 degrees or more.
Zhaolong, a leading domestic cabling research and development and production brand, closely cooperates with China's leading third-party laboratories to discuss the safety performance of copper cables in high-temperature environments and provides solutions for China's green energy conservation.
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Q When the photoelectric hybrid cable is laid in the alpine region, if it is buried in the tundra, what requirements must be met for the product?
A It is mainly the selection of the material of the cable. And the material that is resistant to low temperatures should be selected, generally minus forty degrees Celsius. Using special materials, cables can reach minus sixty degrees Celsius. And the coating materials for general optical fibers will not work at low temperatures.
The lowest ambient temperature for optical cables laid in the tundra of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is about minus thirty to minus forty degrees Celsius. Minus sixty degrees Celsius is extremely cold, and it can occasionally reach this temperature in some northeast regions in our country.
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